cp - copy 拷贝目录，文件
Usage：
Usage: cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: cp [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --archive same as -dR --preserve=all
--attributes-only don't copy the file data, just the attributes
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
--copy-contents copy contents of special files when recursive
-d same as --no-dereference --preserve=links
-f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be
opened, remove it and try again (this option
is ignored when the -n option is also used)
-i, --interactive prompt before overwrite (overrides a previous -n
option)
-H follow command-line symbolic links in SOURCE
-l, --link hard link files instead of copying
-L, --dereference always follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file (overrides
a previous -i option)
-P, --no-dereference never follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps
--preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default:
mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible
additional attributes: context, links, xattr,
all
-c deprecated, same as --preserve=context
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes
--parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY
-R, -r, --recursive copy directories recursively
--reflink[=WHEN] control clone/CoW copies. See below
--remove-destination remove each existing destination file before
attempting to open it (contrast with --force)
--sparse=WHEN control creation of sparse files. See below
--strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE
argument
-s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-x, --one-file-system stay on this file system
-Z set SELinux security context of destination
file to default type
--context[=CTX] like -Z, or if CTX is specified then set the
SELinux or SMACK security context to CTX
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and the
corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behavior
selected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DEST
file whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes.
Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files.
When --reflink[=always] is specified, perform a lightweight copy, where the
data blocks are copied only when modified. If this is not possible the copy
fails, or if --reflink=auto is specified, fall back to a standard copy.
The backup suffix is '~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through
the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t make numbered backups
existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never always make simple backups
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup
options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,
regular file.
常用选项：
-a / -p：连同文件属性一起复制（用户组属性受 id 权限限制）
-i（interactive）：覆盖询问
-r（recursive）： 用于目录的递归复制
-u （update）：source 比 destination 新才复制
- 覆盖询问
[root@78063f0fe2e8 ~]# cp ~/.bashrc /tmp/bashrc
[root@78063f0fe2e8 ~]# cp -i ~/.bashrc /tmp/bashrc
cp: overwrite ‘/tmp/bashrc’? y
- 连同文件属性一起复制
[root@78063f0fe2e8 ~]# cd /tmp
[root@78063f0fe2e8 tmp]# cp /var/log/wtmp .
[root@78063f0fe2e8 tmp]# ls -l /var/log/wtmp wtmp
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 0 Apr 2 18:38 /var/log/wtmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 21 06:23 wtmp
[root@78063f0fe2e8 tmp]# cp -a /var/log/wtmp wtmp2
[root@78063f0fe2e8 tmp]# ls -l /var/log/wtmp wtmp2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 0 Apr 2 18:38 /var/log/wtmp
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 0 Apr 2 18:38 wtmp2
- 用于目录的递归复制
[root@78063f0fe2e8 tmp]# cp /etc /tmp
cp: omitting directory ‘/etc’
[root@78063f0fe2e8 tmp]# cp -r /etc /tmp
rm - remove 删除目录或文件
Usage：
Usage: rm [OPTION]... FILE...
Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).
-f, --force ignore nonexistent files and arguments, never prompt
-i prompt before every removal
-I prompt once before removing more than three files, or
when removing recursively; less intrusive than -i,
while still giving protection against most mistakes
--interactive[=WHEN] prompt according to WHEN: never, once (-I), or
always (-i); without WHEN, prompt always
--one-file-system when removing a hierarchy recursively, skip any
directory that is on a file system different from
that of the corresponding command line argument
--no-preserve-root do not treat '/' specially
--preserve-root do not remove '/' (default)
-r, -R, --recursive remove directories and their contents recursively
-d, --dir remove empty directories
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
By default, rm does not remove directories. Use the --recursive (-r or -R)
option to remove each listed directory, too, along with all of its contents.
To remove a file whose name starts with a '-', for example '-foo',
use one of these commands:
rm -- -foo
rm ./-foo
Note that if you use rm to remove a file, it might be possible to recover
some of its contents, given sufficient expertise and/or time. For greater
assurance that the contents are truly unrecoverable, consider using shred.
常用选项：
-f（force）：忽略不存在的文件
-i（interactive）：询问删除
-r（recursive）：递归删除
sh-4.2# cd /tmp
sh-4.2# ls
bashrc mingle1 tmpxq2sylvo-ascii.cast wtmp2
ks-script-hE5IPf test1 wtmp yum.log
sh-4.2# rm -i bashrc
rm: remove regular file ‘bashrc’? y
sh-4.2# ls
ks-script-hE5IPf mingle1 test1 tmpxq2sylvo-ascii.cast wtmp wtmp2 yum.log
sh-4.2# rmdir mingle1
sh-4.2# rmdir test1
rmdir: failed to remove ‘test1’: Directory not empty
sh-4.2# rm -rf test1
sh-4.2# ls
ks-script-hE5IPf tmpxq2sylvo-ascii.cast wtmp wtmp2 yum.log
sh-4.2# touch ./-aaa-
sh-4.2# ls
-aaa- ks-script-hE5IPf tmpxq2sylvo-ascii.cast wtmp wtmp2 yum.log
sh-4.2# rm -f -aaa-
rm: invalid option -- 'a'
Try 'rm ./-aaa-' to remove the file ‘-aaa-’.
Try 'rm --help' for more information.
sh-4.2# rm -f ./-aaa-
sh-4.2# ls
ks-script-hE5IPf tmpxq2sylvo-ascii.cast wtmp wtmp2 yum.log
sh-4.2# rm -rf wtmp*
sh-4.2# ls
ks-script-hE5IPf tmpxq2sylvo-ascii.cast yum.log
mv - move 移动文件或目录，更名
Usage：
Usage: mv [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: mv [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: mv [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-f, --force do not prompt before overwriting
-i, --interactive prompt before overwrite
-n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file
If you specify more than one of -i, -f, -n, only the final one takes effect.
--strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE
argument
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-u, --update move only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-Z, --context set SELinux security context of destination
file to default type
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
The backup suffix is '~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through
the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t make numbered backups
existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never always make simple backups
常用选项：
-f（force）：不询问直接覆盖
-i（ interactive）： 询问覆盖
-u（update）：source 新于 destination 才会 move
- 普通移动
sh-4.2# cd /tmp
sh-4.2# cp ~/.bashrc bashrc1
sh-4.2# cp ~/.bashrc bashrc2
sh-4.2# ls
bashrc1 bashrc2 ks-script-hE5IPf tmp8u627nsx-ascii.cast yum.log
sh-4.2# mkdir mvtest
sh-4.2# ls
bashrc1 bashrc2 ks-script-hE5IPf mvtest tmp8u627nsx-ascii.cast yum.log
sh-4.2# mv bashrc1 bashrc2 mvtest
sh-4.2# ls
ks-script-hE5IPf mvtest tmp8u627nsx-ascii.cast yum.log
sh-4.2# cd mvtest
sh-4.2# ls
bashrc1 bashrc2
- 重命名
sh-4.2# cd ..
sh-4.2# ls
ks-script-hE5IPf mvtest tmp8u627nsx-ascii.cast yum.log
sh-4.2# mv mvtest mvtest2
sh-4.2# ls
ks-script-hE5IPf mvtest2 tmp8u627nsx-ascii.cast yum.log